/*
 * Copyright (C) 2017 Freie Universität Berlin
 *
 * This file is subject to the terms and conditions of the GNU Lesser
 * General Public License v2.1. See the file LICENSE in the top level
 * directory for more details.
 */

/**
 * @ingroup     sys_shell_commands
 * @{
 *
 * @file
 * @brief       Shell commands for interacting with network interfaces
 *
 * @author      Martine Lenders <m.lenders@fu-berlin.de>
 * @author      Hauke Petersen <hauke.petersen@fu-berlin.de>
 * @author      Oliver Hahm <oliver.hahm@inria.fr>
 */

#include <assert.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

#include "fmt.h"
#include "net/gnrc.h"
#include "net/gnrc/netif.h"
#include "net/gnrc/netif/hdr.h"
#include "net/ipv6/addr.h"
#include "net/l2util.h"
#include "net/lora.h"
#include "net/loramac.h"
#include "net/netif.h"
#include "shell.h"

#ifdef MODULE_NETSTATS
#include "net/netstats.h"
#endif
#ifdef MODULE_L2FILTER
#include "net/l2filter.h"
#endif

/**
 * @brief   The default IPv6 prefix length if not specified.
 */
#define _IPV6_DEFAULT_PREFIX_LEN        (64U)

/**
 * @brief   Threshold for listed option flags
 */
#define _LINE_THRESHOLD                 (8U)

/**
 * @brief   Flag command mapping
 *
 * @note    Add options that are changed with netopt_enable_t here
 */
static const struct {
    char *name;
    netopt_t opt;
} flag_cmds[] = {
    { "6lo", NETOPT_6LO },
    { "ack_req", NETOPT_ACK_REQ },
    { "gts", NETOPT_GTS_TX },
    { "pan_coord", NETOPT_PAN_COORD },
    { "autoack", NETOPT_AUTOACK },
    { "autocca", NETOPT_AUTOCCA },
    { "csma", NETOPT_CSMA },
    { "encrypt", NETOPT_ENCRYPTION },
    { "mac_no_sleep", NETOPT_MAC_NO_SLEEP },
    { "fwd", NETOPT_IPV6_FORWARDING },
    { "iphc", NETOPT_6LO_IPHC },
    { "preload", NETOPT_PRELOADING },
    { "promisc", NETOPT_PROMISCUOUSMODE },
    { "phy_busy", NETOPT_PHY_BUSY },
    { "raw", NETOPT_RAWMODE },
    { "rtr_adv", NETOPT_IPV6_SND_RTR_ADV },
    { "iq_invert", NETOPT_IQ_INVERT },
    { "rx_single", NETOPT_SINGLE_RECEIVE },
    { "chan_hop", NETOPT_CHANNEL_HOP },
    { "checksum", NETOPT_CHECKSUM },
    { "otaa", NETOPT_OTAA },
    { "link_check", NETOPT_LINK_CHECK },
};

/* utility functions */
static void _print_iface_name(netif_t *iface)
{
    char name[CONFIG_NETIF_NAMELENMAX];

    netif_get_name(iface, name);
    printf("%s", name);
}

__attribute__ ((unused))
static void str_toupper(char *str)
{
    while (*str) {
        *str = toupper((unsigned)*str);
        ++str;
    }
}

__attribute__ ((unused))
static uint8_t gcd(uint8_t a, uint8_t b)
{
    if (a == 0 || b == 0) {
        return 0;
    }

    do {
        uint8_t r = a % b;
        a = b;
        b = r;
    } while (b);

    return a;
}

__attribute__ ((unused))
static void frac_short(uint8_t *a, uint8_t *b)
{
    uint8_t d = gcd(*a, *b);

    if (d == 0) {
        return;
    }

    *a /= d;
    *b /= d;
}

__attribute__ ((unused))
static void frac_extend(uint8_t *a, uint8_t *b, uint8_t base)
{
    *a *= base / *b;
    *b = base;
}

#ifdef MODULE_NETSTATS
static const char *_netstats_module_to_str(uint8_t module)
{
    switch (module) {
    case NETSTATS_LAYER2:
        return "Layer 2";
    case NETSTATS_IPV6:
        return "IPv6";
    case NETSTATS_ALL:
        return "all";
    default:
        return "Unknown";
    }
}

static int _netif_stats(netif_t *iface, unsigned module, bool reset)
{
    netstats_t stats;
    int res = netif_get_opt(iface, NETOPT_STATS, module, &stats,
                            sizeof(stats));

    if (res < 0) {
        printf("           Protocol or device doesn't provide statistics.\n");
    }
    else if (reset) {
        res = netif_set_opt(iface, NETOPT_STATS, module, NULL, 0);
        printf("Reset statistics for module %s: %s!\n",
               _netstats_module_to_str(module),
               (res < 0) ? "failed" : "succeeded");
    }
    else {
        printf("          Statistics for %s\n"
               "            RX packets %u  bytes %u\n"
               "            TX packets %u (Multicast: %u)  bytes %u\n"
               "            TX succeeded %u errors %u\n",
               _netstats_module_to_str(module),
               (unsigned)stats.rx_count,
               (unsigned)stats.rx_bytes,
               (unsigned)(stats.tx_unicast_count + stats.tx_mcast_count),
               (unsigned)stats.tx_mcast_count,
               (unsigned)stats.tx_bytes,
               (unsigned)stats.tx_success,
               (unsigned)stats.tx_failed);
        res = 0;
    }
    return res;
}
#endif /* MODULE_NETSTATS */

static void _link_usage(char *cmd_name)
{
    printf("usage: %s <if_id> [up|down]\n", cmd_name);
}

static void _set_usage(char *cmd_name)
{
    printf("usage: %s <if_id> set <key> <value>\n", cmd_name);
    printf("      Sets a hardware specific value\n"
         "      <key> may be one of the following\n"
         "       * \"addr\" - sets (short) address\n"
         "       * \"addr_long\" - sets long address\n"
         "       * \"addr_short\" - alias for \"addr\"\n"
         "       * \"cca_threshold\" - set ED threshold during CCA in dBm\n"
         "       * \"freq\" - sets the \"channel\" center frequency\n"
         "       * \"channel\" - sets the frequency channel\n"
         "       * \"chan\" - alias for \"channel\"\n"
         "       * \"checksum\" - set checksumming on-off\n"
         "       * \"csma_retries\" - set max. number of channel access attempts\n"
         "       * \"encrypt\" - set the encryption on-off\n"
         "       * \"hop_limit\" - set hop limit\n"
         "       * \"hl\" - alias for \"hop_limit\"\n"
         "       * \"key\" - set the encryption key in hexadecimal format\n"
         "       * \"mtu\" - IPv6 maximum transition unit\n"
         "       * \"nid\" - sets the network identifier (or the PAN ID)\n"
         "       * \"page\" - set the channel page (IEEE 802.15.4)\n"
         "       * \"pan\" - alias for \"nid\"\n"
         "       * \"pan_id\" - alias for \"nid\"\n"
         "       * \"phy_busy\" - set busy mode on-off\n"
#if IS_USED(MODULE_SHELL_CMD_GNRC_NETIF_LORA)
         "       * \"bw\" - alias for channel bandwidth\n"
         "       * \"sf\" - alias for spreading factor\n"
         "       * \"cr\" - alias for coding rate\n"
#endif  /* MODULE_SHELL_CMD_GNRC_NETIF_LORA */
#if IS_USED(MODULE_SHELL_CMD_GNRC_NETIF_LORAWAN)
         "       * \"appkey\" - sets Application key\n"
         "       * \"appskey\" - sets Application session key\n"
#if IS_USED(MODULE_GNRC_LORAWAN_1_1)
         "       * \"joineui\" - sets Join EUI\n"
         "       * \"nwkkey\"  - sets Network key\n"
         "       * \"nwksenckey\" - sets Network session encryption key\n"
         "       * \"snwksintkey\" - sets Serving network session integrity key\n"
         "       * \"fnwksintkey\" - sets Forwarding network session integrity key\n"
#else
         "       * \"appeui\" - sets Application EUI\n"
         "       * \"nwkskey\" - sets Network Session Key\n"
#endif
         "       * \"deveui\" - sets Device EUI\n"
         "       * \"dr\" - sets datarate\n"
         "       * \"rx2_dr\" - sets datarate of RX2 (lorawan)\n"
#endif
#ifdef MODULE_NETDEV_IEEE802154_MULTIMODE
         "       * \"phy_mode\" - select PHY mode\n"
#endif
#ifdef MODULE_NETDEV_IEEE802154_MR_OQPSK
         "       * \"chip_rate\" - BPSK/QPSK chip rate in kChip/s\n"
         "       * \"rate_mode\" - BPSK/QPSK rate mode\n"
#endif
#ifdef MODULE_NETDEV_IEEE802154_MR_OFDM
         "       * \"option\" - OFDM option\n"
         "       * \"scheme\" - OFDM modulation & coding scheme\n"
#endif
#ifdef MODULE_NETDEV_IEEE802154_MR_FSK
         "       * \"modulation_index\" - FSK modulation index\n"
         "       * \"modulation_order\" - FSK modulation order\n"
         "       * \"symbol_rate\" - FSK symbol rate\n"
         "       * \"fec\" - FSK forward error correction\n"
         "       * \"channel_spacing\" - channel spacing\n"
#endif
         "       * \"power\" - TX power in dBm\n"
         "       * \"retrans\" - max. number of retransmissions\n"
         "       * \"src_len\" - sets the source address length in byte\n"
         "       * \"state\" - set the device state\n");
}

static void _flag_usage(char *cmd_name)
{
    printf("usage: %s <if_id> [-]{", cmd_name);
    for (unsigned i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(flag_cmds); i++) {
        printf("%s", flag_cmds[i].name);
        if (i < (ARRAY_SIZE(flag_cmds) - 1)) {
            printf("|");
        }
    }
    puts("}");
}

static void _add_usage(char *cmd_name)
{
    printf("usage: %s <if_id> add [anycast|multicast|unicast] "
           "<ipv6_addr>[/prefix_len]\n", cmd_name);
}

static void _del_usage(char *cmd_name)
{
    printf("usage: %s <if_id> del <ipv6_addr>\n",
           cmd_name);
}

#ifdef MODULE_NETSTATS
static void _stats_usage(char *cmd_name)
{
    printf("usage: %s <if_id> stats [l2|ipv6] [reset]\n", cmd_name);
    printf("       reset can be only used if the module is specified.\n");
}
#endif

static void _print_netopt(netopt_t opt)
{
    switch (opt) {
    case NETOPT_ADDRESS:
        printf("(short) address");
        break;

    case NETOPT_ADDRESS_LONG:
        printf("long address");
        break;

    case NETOPT_LORAWAN_APPKEY:
        printf("AppKey");
        break;

    case NETOPT_LORAWAN_APPSKEY:
        printf("AppSKey");
        break;

#if IS_USED(MODULE_GNRC_LORAWAN_1_1)
    case NETOPT_LORAWAN_JOINEUI:
        printf("JoinEUI");
        break;

    case NETOPT_LORAWAN_NWKKEY:
        printf("NwkKey");
        break;

    case NETOPT_LORAWAN_NWKSENCKEY:
        printf("NwkSEncKey");
        break;

    case NETOPT_LORAWAN_SNWKSINTKEY:
        printf("SNwkSIntKey");
        break;

    case NETOPT_LORAWAN_FNWKSINTKEY:
        printf("FNwkSIntKey");
        break;
#else
    case NETOPT_LORAWAN_APPEUI:
        printf("AppEUI");
        break;
    case NETOPT_LORAWAN_NWKSKEY:
        printf("NwkSKey");
        break;
#endif /* IS_USED(MODULE_GNRC_LORAWAN_1_1) */

    case NETOPT_SRC_LEN:
        printf("source address length");
        break;

    case NETOPT_CHANNEL:
        printf("channel");
        break;

    case NETOPT_CHANNEL_FREQUENCY:
        printf("frequency [in Hz]");
        break;

    case NETOPT_CHANNEL_PAGE:
        printf("page");
        break;

    case NETOPT_HOP_LIMIT:
        printf("hop limit");
        break;

    case NETOPT_MAX_PDU_SIZE:
        printf("MTU");
        break;

    case NETOPT_NID:
        printf("network identifier");
        break;

    case NETOPT_TX_POWER:
        printf("TX power [in dBm]");
        break;

    case NETOPT_RETRANS:
        printf("max. retransmissions");
        break;

    case NETOPT_CSMA_RETRIES:
        printf("CSMA retries");
        break;

    case NETOPT_CCA_THRESHOLD:
        printf("CCA threshold [in dBm]");
        break;

    case NETOPT_ENCRYPTION:
        printf("encryption");
        break;

    case NETOPT_ENCRYPTION_KEY:
        printf("encryption key");
        break;

#if IS_USED(MODULE_SHELL_CMD_GNRC_NETIF_LORA)
    case NETOPT_BANDWIDTH:
        printf("bandwidth");
        break;

    case NETOPT_SPREADING_FACTOR:
        printf("spreading factor");
        break;

    case NETOPT_CODING_RATE:
        printf("coding rate");
        break;
#endif /* MODULE_SHELL_CMD_GNRC_NETIF_LORA */
#ifdef MODULE_NETDEV_IEEE802154_MULTIMODE

    case NETOPT_IEEE802154_PHY:
        printf("PHY mode");
        break;

#endif /* MODULE_NETDEV_IEEE802154_MULTIMODE */
#ifdef MODULE_NETDEV_IEEE802154_OQPSK

    case NETOPT_OQPSK_RATE:
        printf("high rate");
        break;

#endif /* MODULE_NETDEV_IEEE802154_OQPSK */
#ifdef MODULE_NETDEV_IEEE802154_MR_OQPSK

    case NETOPT_MR_OQPSK_CHIPS:
        printf("chip rate");
        break;

    case NETOPT_MR_OQPSK_RATE:
        printf("rate mode");
        break;

#endif /* MODULE_NETDEV_IEEE802154_MR_OQPSK */
#ifdef MODULE_NETDEV_IEEE802154_MR_OFDM

    case NETOPT_MR_OFDM_OPTION:
        printf("OFDM option");
        break;

    case NETOPT_MR_OFDM_MCS:
        printf("modulation/coding scheme");
        break;

#endif /* MODULE_NETDEV_IEEE802154_MR_OFDM */
#ifdef MODULE_NETDEV_IEEE802154_MR_FSK

    case NETOPT_MR_FSK_MODULATION_INDEX:
        printf("FSK modulation index");
        break;

    case NETOPT_MR_FSK_MODULATION_ORDER:
        printf("FSK modulation order");
        break;

    case NETOPT_MR_FSK_SRATE:
        printf("FSK symbol rate");
        break;

    case NETOPT_MR_FSK_FEC:
        printf("FSK Forward Error Correction");
        break;

    case NETOPT_CHANNEL_SPACING:
        printf("Channel Spacing");
        break;

#endif /* MODULE_NETDEV_IEEE802154_MR_FSK */

    case NETOPT_CHECKSUM:
        printf("checksum");
        break;

    case NETOPT_OTAA:
        printf("otaa");
        break;

    case NETOPT_LINK_CHECK:
        printf("link check");
        break;

    case NETOPT_PHY_BUSY:
        printf("PHY busy");
        break;

    case NETOPT_LORAWAN_DR:
        printf("datarate");
        break;

    case NETOPT_LORAWAN_RX2_DR:
        printf("RX2 datarate");
        break;

    default:
        /* we don't serve these options here */
        break;
    }
}

static const char *_netopt_state_str[] = {
    [NETOPT_STATE_OFF] = "OFF",
    [NETOPT_STATE_SLEEP] = "SLEEP",
    [NETOPT_STATE_IDLE] = "IDLE",
    [NETOPT_STATE_RX] = "RX",
    [NETOPT_STATE_TX] = "TX",
    [NETOPT_STATE_RESET] = "RESET",
    [NETOPT_STATE_STANDBY] = "STANDBY"
};

#if IS_USED(MODULE_SHELL_CMD_GNRC_NETIF_LORA)
static const char *_netopt_bandwidth_str[] = {
    [LORA_BW_125_KHZ] = "125",
    [LORA_BW_250_KHZ] = "250",
    [LORA_BW_500_KHZ] = "500"
};

static const char *_netopt_coding_rate_str[] = {
    [LORA_CR_4_5] = "4/5",
    [LORA_CR_4_6] = "4/6",
    [LORA_CR_4_7] = "4/7",
    [LORA_CR_4_8] = "4/8"
};
#endif  /* MODULE_SHELL_CMD_GNRC_NETIF_LORA */

#ifdef MODULE_NETDEV_IEEE802154
static const char *_netopt_ieee802154_phy_str[] = {
    [IEEE802154_PHY_DISABLED] = "DISABLED",
    [IEEE802154_PHY_BPSK] = "BPSK",
    [IEEE802154_PHY_ASK] = "ASK",
    [IEEE802154_PHY_OQPSK] = "O-QPSK",
    [IEEE802154_PHY_MR_OQPSK] = "MR-O-QPSK",
    [IEEE802154_PHY_MR_OFDM] = "MR-OFDM",
    [IEEE802154_PHY_MR_FSK] = "MR-FSK"
};
#endif

#ifdef MODULE_NETDEV_IEEE802154_MR_OFDM
static const char *_netopt_ofdm_mcs_str[] = {
    [0] = "BPSK, rate 1/2, 4x frequency repetition",
    [1] = "BPSK, rate 1/2, 2x frequency repetition",
    [2] = "QPSK, rate 1/2, 2x frequency repetition",
    [3] = "QPSK, rate 1/2",
    [4] = "QPSK, rate 3/4",
    [5] = "16-QAM, rate 1/2",
    [6] = "16-QAM, rate 3/4",
};
#endif

#ifdef MODULE_NETDEV_IEEE802154_MR_FSK
static const char *_netopt_fec_str[] = {
    [IEEE802154_FEC_NONE] = "none",
    [IEEE802154_FEC_NRNSC] = "NRNSC",
    [IEEE802154_FEC_RSC] = "RSC"
};
#endif

/* for some lines threshold might just be 0, so we can't use _LINE_THRESHOLD
 * here */
static unsigned _newline(unsigned threshold, unsigned line_thresh)
{
    if (line_thresh > threshold) {
        printf("\n          ");
        line_thresh = 0U;
    }
    return line_thresh;
}

static unsigned _netif_list_flag(netif_t *iface, netopt_t opt, char *str,
                                 unsigned line_thresh)
{
    netopt_enable_t enable = NETOPT_DISABLE;
    int res = netif_get_opt(iface, opt, 0, &enable,
                            sizeof(enable));

    if ((res >= 0) && (enable == NETOPT_ENABLE)) {
        printf("%s", str);
        line_thresh = _newline(_LINE_THRESHOLD, ++line_thresh);
    }
    return line_thresh;
}

#ifdef MODULE_IPV6
static void _netif_list_ipv6(ipv6_addr_t *addr, uint8_t flags)
{
    char addr_str[IPV6_ADDR_MAX_STR_LEN];

    printf("inet6 addr: ");
    ipv6_addr_to_str(addr_str, addr, sizeof(addr_str));
    printf("%s  scope: ", addr_str);
    if (ipv6_addr_is_link_local(addr)) {
        printf("link");
    }
    else if (ipv6_addr_is_site_local(addr)) {
        printf("site");
    }
    else if (ipv6_addr_is_global(addr)) {
        printf("global");
    }
    else {
        printf("unknown");
    }
#if MODULE_GNRC_IPV6
    if (flags & GNRC_NETIF_IPV6_ADDRS_FLAGS_ANYCAST) {
        printf(" [anycast]");
    }
    if (flags & GNRC_NETIF_IPV6_ADDRS_FLAGS_STATE_TENTATIVE) {
        printf("  TNT[%u]",
               flags & GNRC_NETIF_IPV6_ADDRS_FLAGS_STATE_TENTATIVE);
    }
    else {
        switch (flags & GNRC_NETIF_IPV6_ADDRS_FLAGS_STATE_MASK) {
        case GNRC_NETIF_IPV6_ADDRS_FLAGS_STATE_DEPRECATED:
            printf("  DPR");
            break;
        case GNRC_NETIF_IPV6_ADDRS_FLAGS_STATE_VALID:
            printf("  VAL");
            break;
        default:
            printf("  UNK");
            break;
        }
    }
#endif
    _newline(0U, _LINE_THRESHOLD);
}

static void _netif_list_groups(ipv6_addr_t *addr)
{
    if ((ipv6_addr_is_multicast(addr))) {
        char addr_str[IPV6_ADDR_MAX_STR_LEN];
        ipv6_addr_to_str(addr_str, addr, sizeof(addr_str));
        printf("inet6 group: %s", addr_str);
    }
    _newline(0U, _LINE_THRESHOLD);
}
#endif

static void _netif_list(netif_t *iface)
{
#ifdef MODULE_IPV6
    ipv6_addr_t ipv6_addrs[CONFIG_GNRC_NETIF_IPV6_ADDRS_NUMOF];
    ipv6_addr_t ipv6_groups[GNRC_NETIF_IPV6_GROUPS_NUMOF];
#endif
    uint8_t hwaddr[GNRC_NETIF_L2ADDR_MAXLEN];
    uint32_t u32;
    uint16_t u16;
    int16_t i16;
    uint8_t u8;
    int res;
    netopt_state_t state;
    unsigned line_thresh = 1;

    printf("Iface  ");
    _print_iface_name(iface);
    printf(" ");

    /* XXX divide options and flags by at least two spaces! */
    res = netif_get_opt(iface, NETOPT_ADDRESS, 0, hwaddr, sizeof(hwaddr));
    if (res >= 0) {
        char hwaddr_str[res * 3];
        printf(" HWaddr: %s ",
               l2util_addr_to_str(hwaddr, res, hwaddr_str));
    }
    res = netif_get_opt(iface, NETOPT_CHANNEL, 0, &u16, sizeof(u16));
    if (res >= 0) {
        printf(" Channel: %" PRIu16 " ", u16);
    }
    res = netif_get_opt(iface, NETOPT_CHANNEL_FREQUENCY, 0, &u32, sizeof(u32));
    if (res >= 0) {
        printf(" Frequency: %" PRIu32 "Hz ", u32);
    }
    res = netif_get_opt(iface, NETOPT_CHANNEL_PAGE, 0, &u16, sizeof(u16));
    if (res >= 0) {
        printf(" Page: %" PRIu16 " ", u16);
    }
    res = netif_get_opt(iface, NETOPT_NID, 0, &u16, sizeof(u16));
    if (res >= 0) {
        printf(" NID: 0x%" PRIx16 " ", u16);
    }
    res = netif_get_opt(iface, NETOPT_RSSI, 0, &i16, sizeof(i16));
    if (res >= 0) {
        printf(" RSSI: %d ", i16);
    }
#if IS_USED(MODULE_SHELL_CMD_GNRC_NETIF_LORA)
    res = netif_get_opt(iface, NETOPT_BANDWIDTH, 0, &u8, sizeof(u8));
    if (res >= 0) {
        printf(" BW: %skHz ", _netopt_bandwidth_str[u8]);
    }
    res = netif_get_opt(iface, NETOPT_SPREADING_FACTOR, 0, &u8, sizeof(u8));
    if (res >= 0) {
        printf(" SF: %u ", u8);
    }
    res = netif_get_opt(iface, NETOPT_CODING_RATE, 0, &u8, sizeof(u8));
    if (res >= 0) {
        printf(" CR: %s ", _netopt_coding_rate_str[u8]);
    }
#endif /* MODULE_SHELL_CMD_GNRC_NETIF_LORA */
#ifdef MODULE_NETDEV_IEEE802154
    res = netif_get_opt(iface, NETOPT_IEEE802154_PHY, 0, &u8, sizeof(u8));
    if (res >= 0) {
        printf(" PHY: %s ", _netopt_ieee802154_phy_str[u8]);
        switch (u8) {

#ifdef MODULE_NETDEV_IEEE802154_OQPSK
        case IEEE802154_PHY_OQPSK:
            printf("\n          ");
            res = netif_get_opt(iface, NETOPT_OQPSK_RATE, 0, &u8, sizeof(u8));
            if (res >= 0 && u8) {
                printf(" high data rate: %d ", u8);
            }

            break;

#endif /* MODULE_NETDEV_IEEE802154_OQPSK */
#ifdef MODULE_NETDEV_IEEE802154_MR_OQPSK
        case IEEE802154_PHY_MR_OQPSK:
            printf("\n          ");
            res = netif_get_opt(iface, NETOPT_MR_OQPSK_CHIPS, 0, &u16, sizeof(u16));
            if (res >= 0) {
                printf(" chip rate: %u ", u16);
            }
            res = netif_get_opt(iface, NETOPT_MR_OQPSK_RATE, 0, &u8, sizeof(u8));
            if (res >= 0) {
                printf(" rate mode: %d ", u8);
            }

            break;

#endif /* MODULE_NETDEV_IEEE802154_MR_OQPSK */
#ifdef MODULE_NETDEV_IEEE802154_MR_OFDM
        case IEEE802154_PHY_MR_OFDM:
            printf("\n          ");
            res = netif_get_opt(iface, NETOPT_MR_OFDM_OPTION, 0, &u8, sizeof(u8));
            if (res >= 0) {
                printf(" Option: %u ", u8);
            }
            res = netif_get_opt(iface, NETOPT_MR_OFDM_MCS, 0, &u8, sizeof(u8));
            if (res >= 0) {
                printf(" MCS: %u (%s) ", u8, _netopt_ofdm_mcs_str[u8]);
            }

            break;
#endif /* MODULE_NETDEV_IEEE802154_MR_OFDM */
#ifdef MODULE_NETDEV_IEEE802154_MR_FSK
        case IEEE802154_PHY_MR_FSK:
            printf("\n          ");
            res = netif_get_opt(iface, NETOPT_MR_FSK_MODULATION_INDEX, 0, &u8, sizeof(u8));
            if (res >= 0) {
                hwaddr[0] = 64; /* convenient temp var */
                frac_short(&u8, hwaddr);
                if (hwaddr[0] == 1) {
                    printf(" modulation index: %u ", u8);
                }
                else {
                    printf(" modulation index: %u/%u ", u8, hwaddr[0]);
                }
            }
            res = netif_get_opt(iface, NETOPT_MR_FSK_MODULATION_ORDER, 0, &u8, sizeof(u8));
            if (res >= 0) {
                printf(" %u-FSK ", u8);
            }
            res = netif_get_opt(iface, NETOPT_MR_FSK_SRATE, 0, &u16, sizeof(u16));
            if (res >= 0) {
                printf(" symbol rate: %u kHz ", u16);
            }
            res = netif_get_opt(iface, NETOPT_MR_FSK_FEC, 0, &u8, sizeof(u8));
            if (res >= 0) {
                printf(" FEC: %s ", _netopt_fec_str[u8]);
            }
            res = netif_get_opt(iface, NETOPT_CHANNEL_SPACING, 0, &u16, sizeof(u16));
            if (res >= 0) {
                printf(" BW: %ukHz ", u16);
            }

            break;
#endif /* MODULE_NETDEV_IEEE802154_MR_FSK */
        }
    }
#endif /* MODULE_NETDEV_IEEE802154 */
    netopt_enable_t enabled;
    res = netif_get_opt(iface, NETOPT_LINK, 0, &enabled, sizeof(enabled));
    if (res >= 0) {
        printf(" Link: %s ", (enabled == NETOPT_ENABLE) ? "up" : "down" );
    }
#if IS_USED(MODULE_LWIP_NETIF) /* only supported on lwIP for now */
    res = netif_get_opt(iface, NETOPT_ACTIVE, 0, &enabled, sizeof(enabled));
    if (res >= 0) {
        printf(" State: %s ", (enabled == NETOPT_ENABLE) ? "up" : "down" );
    }
#endif /* MODULE_LWIP_NETIF */
    line_thresh = _newline(0U, line_thresh);
    res = netif_get_opt(iface, NETOPT_ADDRESS_LONG, 0, hwaddr, sizeof(hwaddr));
    if (res >= 0) {
        char hwaddr_str[res * 3];
        printf("Long HWaddr: ");
        printf("%s ", l2util_addr_to_str(hwaddr, res, hwaddr_str));
        line_thresh++;
    }
    line_thresh = _newline(0U, line_thresh);
    res = netif_get_opt(iface, NETOPT_TX_POWER, 0, &i16, sizeof(i16));
    if (res >= 0) {
        printf(" TX-Power: %" PRIi16 "dBm ", i16);
    }
    res = netif_get_opt(iface, NETOPT_STATE, 0, &state, sizeof(state));
    if (res >= 0) {
        printf(" State: %s ", _netopt_state_str[state]);
        line_thresh++;
    }
    res = netif_get_opt(iface, NETOPT_RETRANS, 0, &u8, sizeof(u8));
    if (res >= 0) {
        printf(" max. Retrans.: %u ", (unsigned)u8);
        line_thresh++;
    }
    res = netif_get_opt(iface, NETOPT_CSMA_RETRIES, 0, &u8, sizeof(u8));
    if (res >= 0) {
        enabled = NETOPT_DISABLE;
        res = netif_get_opt(iface, NETOPT_CSMA, 0, &enabled, sizeof(enabled));
        if ((res >= 0) && (enabled == NETOPT_ENABLE)) {
            printf(" CSMA Retries: %u ", (unsigned)u8);
        }
        line_thresh++;
    }
#if IS_USED(MODULE_SHELL_CMD_GNRC_NETIF_LORAWAN)
    res = netif_get_opt(iface, NETOPT_DEMOD_MARGIN, 0, &u8, sizeof(u8));
    if (res >= 0) {
        printf(" Demod margin.: %u ", (unsigned)u8);
        line_thresh++;
    }
    res = netif_get_opt(iface, NETOPT_NUM_GATEWAYS, 0, &u8, sizeof(u8));
    if (res >= 0) {
        printf(" Num gateways.: %u ", (unsigned)u8);
        line_thresh++;
    }
#endif
    /* XXX divide options and flags by at least two spaces! */
    line_thresh = _newline(0U, line_thresh);
    line_thresh = _netif_list_flag(iface, NETOPT_PROMISCUOUSMODE, "PROMISC  ",
                                   line_thresh);
    line_thresh = _netif_list_flag(iface, NETOPT_AUTOACK, "AUTOACK  ",
                                   line_thresh);
    line_thresh = _netif_list_flag(iface, NETOPT_ACK_REQ, "ACK_REQ  ",
                                   line_thresh);
    line_thresh = _netif_list_flag(iface, NETOPT_PRELOADING, "PRELOAD  ",
                                   line_thresh);
    line_thresh = _netif_list_flag(iface, NETOPT_RAWMODE, "RAWMODE  ",
                                   line_thresh);
    line_thresh = _netif_list_flag(iface, NETOPT_MAC_NO_SLEEP, "MAC_NO_SLEEP  ",
                                   line_thresh);
    line_thresh = _netif_list_flag(iface, NETOPT_CSMA, "CSMA  ",
                                   line_thresh);
    line_thresh += _LINE_THRESHOLD + 1; /* enforce linebreak after this option */
    line_thresh = _netif_list_flag(iface, NETOPT_AUTOCCA, "AUTOCCA  ",
                                   line_thresh);
    line_thresh = _netif_list_flag(iface, NETOPT_IQ_INVERT, "IQ_INVERT  ",
                                   line_thresh);
    line_thresh = _netif_list_flag(iface, NETOPT_SINGLE_RECEIVE, "RX_SINGLE  ",
                                   line_thresh);
    line_thresh = _netif_list_flag(iface, NETOPT_CHANNEL_HOP, "CHAN_HOP  ",
                                   line_thresh);
    line_thresh = _netif_list_flag(iface, NETOPT_OTAA, "OTAA  ",
                                   line_thresh);
    /* XXX divide options and flags by at least two spaces! */
    res = netif_get_opt(iface, NETOPT_MAX_PDU_SIZE, 0, &u16, sizeof(u16));
    if (res > 0) {
        printf("L2-PDU:%" PRIu16 "  ", u16);
        line_thresh++;
    }
#ifdef MODULE_GNRC_IPV6
    res = netif_get_opt(iface, NETOPT_MAX_PDU_SIZE, GNRC_NETTYPE_IPV6, &u16, sizeof(u16));
    if (res > 0) {
        printf("MTU:%" PRIu16 "  ", u16);
        line_thresh++;
    }
    res = netif_get_opt(iface, NETOPT_HOP_LIMIT, 0, &u8, sizeof(u8));
    if (res > 0) {
        printf("HL:%u  ", u8);
        line_thresh++;
    }
    line_thresh = _netif_list_flag(iface, NETOPT_IPV6_FORWARDING, "RTR  ",
                                   line_thresh);
#ifndef MODULE_GNRC_SIXLOWPAN_IPHC
    line_thresh += _LINE_THRESHOLD + 1; /* enforce linebreak after this option */
#endif
    line_thresh = _netif_list_flag(iface, NETOPT_IPV6_SND_RTR_ADV, "RTR_ADV  ",
                                   line_thresh);
#ifdef MODULE_GNRC_SIXLOWPAN
    line_thresh = _netif_list_flag(iface, NETOPT_6LO, "6LO  ", line_thresh);
#endif
#ifdef MODULE_GNRC_SIXLOWPAN_IPHC
    line_thresh += _LINE_THRESHOLD + 1; /* enforce linebreak after this option */
    line_thresh = _netif_list_flag(iface, NETOPT_6LO_IPHC, "IPHC  ",
                                   line_thresh);
#endif
#endif
    res = netif_get_opt(iface, NETOPT_SRC_LEN, 0, &u16, sizeof(u16));
    /* XXX divide options and flags by at least two spaces before this line! */
    if (res >= 0) {
        printf("Source address length: %" PRIu16, u16);
        line_thresh++;
    }
    line_thresh = _newline(0U, line_thresh);
    printf("Link type: %s",
           (netif_get_opt(iface, NETOPT_IS_WIRED, 0, &u16, sizeof(u16)) > 0) ?
           "wired" : "wireless");
    _newline(0U, ++line_thresh);
#ifdef MODULE_IPV6
    res = netif_get_opt(iface, NETOPT_IPV6_ADDR, 0, ipv6_addrs,
                        sizeof(ipv6_addrs));
    if (res >= 0) {
        uint8_t ipv6_addrs_flags[CONFIG_GNRC_NETIF_IPV6_ADDRS_NUMOF];

        memset(ipv6_addrs_flags, 0, sizeof(ipv6_addrs_flags));
        /* assume it to succeed (otherwise array will stay 0) */
        netif_get_opt(iface, NETOPT_IPV6_ADDR_FLAGS, 0, ipv6_addrs_flags,
                      sizeof(ipv6_addrs_flags));
        /* yes, the res of NETOPT_IPV6_ADDR is meant to be here ;-) */
        for (unsigned i = 0; i < (res / sizeof(ipv6_addr_t)); i++) {
            _netif_list_ipv6(&ipv6_addrs[i], ipv6_addrs_flags[i]);
        }
    }
    res = netif_get_opt(iface, NETOPT_IPV6_GROUP, 0, ipv6_groups,
                        sizeof(ipv6_groups));
    if (res >= 0) {
        for (unsigned i = 0; i < (res / sizeof(ipv6_addr_t)); i++) {
            _netif_list_groups(&ipv6_groups[i]);
        }
    }
#endif

#ifdef MODULE_L2FILTER
    l2filter_t *filter = NULL;
    res = netif_get_opt(iface, NETOPT_L2FILTER, 0, &filter, sizeof(filter));
    if (res > 0) {
#ifdef MODULE_L2FILTER_WHITELIST
        printf("\n           White-listed link layer addresses:\n");
#else
        printf("\n           Black-listed link layer addresses:\n");
#endif
        int count = 0;
        for (unsigned i = 0; i < CONFIG_L2FILTER_LISTSIZE; i++) {
            if (filter[i].addr_len > 0) {
                char hwaddr_str[filter[i].addr_len * 3];
                l2util_addr_to_str(filter[i].addr, filter[i].addr_len,
                                   hwaddr_str);
                printf("            %2i: %s\n", count++, hwaddr_str);
            }
        }
        if (count == 0) {
            printf("            --- none ---\n");
        }
    }
#endif

#ifdef MODULE_NETSTATS_L2
    puts("");
    _netif_stats(iface, NETSTATS_LAYER2, false);
#endif
#ifdef MODULE_NETSTATS_IPV6
    _netif_stats(iface, NETSTATS_IPV6, false);
#endif
    puts("");
}

static int _netif_set_u32(netif_t *iface, netopt_t opt, uint32_t context,
                          char *u32_str)
{
    unsigned long int res;
    bool hex = false;

    if (fmt_is_number(u32_str)) {
        if ((res = strtoul(u32_str, NULL, 10)) == ULONG_MAX) {
            printf("error: unable to parse value.\n"
                   "Must be a 32-bit unsigned integer (dec or hex)\n");
            return 1;
        }
    }
    else {
        if ((res = strtoul(u32_str, NULL, 32)) == ULONG_MAX) {
            printf("error: unable to parse value.\n"
                   "Must be a 32-bit unsigned integer (dec or hex)\n");
            return 1;
        }

        hex = true;
    }

    assert(res <= ULONG_MAX);

    if (netif_set_opt(iface, opt, context, (uint32_t *)&res,
                      sizeof(uint32_t)) < 0) {
        printf("error: unable to set ");
        _print_netopt(opt);
        puts("");
        return 1;
    }

    printf("success: set ");
    _print_netopt(opt);
    printf(" on interface ");
    _print_iface_name(iface);
    printf(" to ");

    if (hex) {
        printf("0x%04lx\n", res);
    }
    else {
        printf("%lu\n", res);
    }

    return 0;
}

#if IS_USED(MODULE_SHELL_CMD_GNRC_NETIF_LORA)
static int _netif_set_bandwidth(netif_t *iface, char *value)
{
    uint8_t bw;

    if (strcmp("125", value) == 0) {
        bw = LORA_BW_125_KHZ;
    }
    else if (strcmp("250", value) == 0) {
        bw = LORA_BW_250_KHZ;
    }
    else if (strcmp("500", value) == 0) {
        bw = LORA_BW_500_KHZ;
    }
    else {
        printf("usage: ifconfig <if_id> set bw [125|250|500]\n");
        return 1;
    }
    if (netif_set_opt(iface, NETOPT_BANDWIDTH, 0,
                      &bw, sizeof(uint8_t)) < 0) {
        printf("error: unable to set bandwidth to %s\n", value);
        return 1;
    }
    printf("success: set bandwidth of interface ");
    _print_iface_name(iface);
    printf(" to %s\n", value);

    return 0;
}

static int _netif_set_coding_rate(netif_t *iface, char *value)
{
    uint8_t cr;

    if (strcmp("4/5", value) == 0) {
        cr = LORA_CR_4_5;
    }
    else if (strcmp("4/6", value) == 0) {
        cr = LORA_CR_4_6;
    }
    else if (strcmp("4/7", value) == 0) {
        cr = LORA_CR_4_7;
    }
    else if (strcmp("4/8", value) == 0) {
        cr = LORA_CR_4_8;
    }
    else {
        printf("usage: ifconfig <if_id> set cr [4/5|4/6|4/7|4/8]\n");
        return 1;
    }
    if (netif_set_opt(iface, NETOPT_CODING_RATE, 0,
                      &cr, sizeof(uint8_t)) < 0) {
        printf("error: unable to set coding rate to %s\n", value);
        return 1;
    }
    printf("success: set coding rate of interface ");
    _print_iface_name(iface);
    printf(" to %s\n", value);

    return 0;
}
#endif  /* MODULE_SHELL_CMD_GNRC_NETIF_LORA */

#ifdef MODULE_NETDEV_IEEE802154_MR_FSK
static int _netif_set_fsk_fec(netif_t *iface, char *value)
{
    /* ignore case */
    str_toupper(value);

    for (size_t i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(_netopt_fec_str); ++i) {

        if (strcmp(value, _netopt_fec_str[i])) {
            continue;
        }

        if (netif_set_opt(iface, NETOPT_MR_FSK_FEC, 0, &i, sizeof(uint8_t)) < 0) {
            printf("error: unable to set forward error correction to %s\n", value);
            return 1;
        }

        printf("success: set forward error correction to %s\n", value);
        return 0;
    }

    printf("usage: ifconfig <if_id> set fec [none|NRNSC|RSC]\n");
    return 1;
}

static int _netif_set_fsk_modulation_index(netif_t *iface, char *value)
{
    uint8_t a, b;
    char *frac = strchr(value, '/');

    if (frac) {
        *frac = 0;
        b = atoi(frac + 1);
    }
    else {
        b = 1;
    }
    a = atoi(value);

    frac_extend(&a, &b, 64);

    int res = netif_set_opt(iface, NETOPT_MR_FSK_MODULATION_INDEX, 0, &a, sizeof(uint8_t));

    if (res < 0) {
        printf("error: unable to set modulation index to %d/%d\n", a, b);
        return 1;
    }
    else {
        printf("success: set modulation index to %d/%d\n", res, b);
    }

    return 0;
}
#endif /* MODULE_NETDEV_IEEE802154_MR_FSK */

#ifdef MODULE_NETDEV_IEEE802154_MULTIMODE
static int _netif_set_ieee802154_phy_mode(netif_t *iface, char *value)
{
    /* ignore case */
    str_toupper(value);

    for (uint8_t i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(_netopt_ieee802154_phy_str); ++i) {

        if (strcmp(_netopt_ieee802154_phy_str[i], value)) {
            continue;
        }

        if (netif_set_opt(iface, NETOPT_IEEE802154_PHY, 0, &i, sizeof(uint8_t)) < 0) {
            printf("error: unable to set PHY mode to %s\n", value);
            return 1;
        }

        printf("success: set PHY mode %s\n", value);
        return 0;
    }

    printf("usage: ifconfig <if_id> set phy ");
    for (unsigned i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(_netopt_ieee802154_phy_str); ++i) {
        printf("%c%s", i ? '|' : '[', _netopt_ieee802154_phy_str[i]);
    }
    puts("]");
    return 1;
}
#endif /* MODULE_NETDEV_IEEE802154_MULTIMODE */

static int _netif_set_u16(netif_t *iface, netopt_t opt, uint16_t context,
                          char *u16_str)
{
    unsigned long int res;
    bool hex = false;

    if (fmt_is_number(u16_str)) {
        if ((res = strtoul(u16_str, NULL, 10)) == ULONG_MAX) {
            printf("error: unable to parse value.\n"
                   "Must be a 16-bit unsigned integer (dec or hex)\n");
            return 1;
        }
    }
    else {
        if ((res = strtoul(u16_str, NULL, 16)) == ULONG_MAX) {
            printf("error: unable to parse value.\n"
                   "Must be a 16-bit unsigned integer (dec or hex)\n");
            return 1;
        }

        hex = true;
    }

    if (res > 0xffff) {
        printf("error: unable to parse value.\n"
               "Must be a 16-bit unsigned integer (dec or hex)\n");
        return 1;
    }

    if (netif_set_opt(iface, opt, context, (uint16_t *)&res,
                      sizeof(uint16_t)) < 0) {
        printf("error: unable to set ");
        _print_netopt(opt);
        puts("");
        return 1;
    }

    printf("success: set ");
    _print_netopt(opt);
    printf(" on interface ");
    _print_iface_name(iface);
    printf(" to ");

    if (hex) {
        printf("0x%04lx\n", res);
    }
    else {
        printf("%lu\n", res);
    }

    return 0;
}

static int _netif_set_i16(netif_t *iface, netopt_t opt, char *i16_str)
{
    int16_t val = atoi(i16_str);

    if (netif_set_opt(iface, opt, 0, (int16_t *)&val, sizeof(int16_t)) < 0) {
        printf("error: unable to set ");
        _print_netopt(opt);
        puts("");
        return 1;
    }

    printf("success: set ");
    _print_netopt(opt);
    printf(" on interface ");
    _print_iface_name(iface);
    printf(" to %i\n", val);

    return 0;
}

static int _netif_set_u8(netif_t *iface, netopt_t opt, uint16_t context,
                         char *u8_str)
{
    uint8_t val = atoi(u8_str);

    if (netif_set_opt(iface, opt, context, (uint8_t *)&val,
                      sizeof(uint8_t)) < 0) {
        printf("error: unable to set ");
        _print_netopt(opt);
        puts("");
        return 1;
    }

    printf("success: set ");
    _print_netopt(opt);
    printf(" on interface ");
    _print_iface_name(iface);
    printf(" to %i\n", val);

    return 0;
}

static int _netif_set_flag(netif_t *iface, netopt_t opt, netopt_enable_t set)
{
    if (netif_set_opt(iface, opt, 0, &set, sizeof(netopt_enable_t)) < 0) {
        printf("error: unable to set option\n");
        return 1;
    }
    printf("success: %sset option\n", (set) ? "" : "un");
    return 0;
}

#if IS_USED(MODULE_SHELL_CMD_GNRC_NETIF_LORAWAN)
static int _netif_set_lw_key(netif_t *iface, netopt_t opt, char *key_str)
{
    /* This is the longest key */
    uint8_t key[LORAMAC_APPKEY_LEN];

    size_t key_len = fmt_hex_bytes(key, key_str);
    size_t expected_len;

    switch (opt) {
    case NETOPT_LORAWAN_APPKEY:
    case NETOPT_LORAWAN_APPSKEY:
    case NETOPT_LORAWAN_NWKSKEY:
    case NETOPT_LORAWAN_NWKKEY:
    case NETOPT_LORAWAN_SNWKSINTKEY:
    case NETOPT_LORAWAN_FNWKSINTKEY:
    case NETOPT_LORAWAN_NWKSENCKEY:
        /* All keys have the same length as the APP KEY */
        expected_len = LORAMAC_APPKEY_LEN;
        break;
    default:
        /* Same rationale here */
        expected_len = LORAMAC_DEVEUI_LEN;
    }
    if (!key_len || key_len != expected_len) {
        printf("error: unable to parse key.\n");
        return 1;
    }

    netif_set_opt(iface, opt, 0, &key, expected_len);
    printf("success: set ");
    _print_netopt(opt);
    printf(" on interface ");
    _print_iface_name(iface);
    printf(" to %s\n", key_str);
    return 0;
}
#endif

static int _netif_set_addr(netif_t *iface, netopt_t opt, char *addr_str)
{
    uint8_t addr[GNRC_NETIF_L2ADDR_MAXLEN];
    size_t addr_len = l2util_addr_from_str(addr_str, addr);

    if (addr_len == 0) {
        printf("error: unable to parse address.\n"
               "Must be of format [0-9a-fA-F]{2}(:[0-9a-fA-F]{2})*\n"
               "(hex pairs delimited by colons)\n");
        return 1;
    }

    if (netif_set_opt(iface, opt, 0, addr, addr_len) < 0) {
        printf("error: unable to set ");
        _print_netopt(opt);
        puts("");
        return 1;
    }

    printf("success: set ");
    _print_netopt(opt);
    printf(" on interface ");
    _print_iface_name(iface);
    printf(" to %s\n", addr_str);

    return 0;
}

static int _netif_set_state(netif_t *iface, char *state_str)
{
    netopt_state_t state;

    if ((strcmp("off", state_str) == 0) || (strcmp("OFF", state_str) == 0)) {
        state = NETOPT_STATE_OFF;
    }
    else if ((strcmp("sleep", state_str) == 0) ||
             (strcmp("SLEEP", state_str) == 0)) {
        state = NETOPT_STATE_SLEEP;
    }
    else if ((strcmp("idle", state_str) == 0) ||
             (strcmp("IDLE", state_str) == 0)) {
        state = NETOPT_STATE_IDLE;
    }
    else if ((strcmp("rx", state_str) == 0) ||
             (strcmp("RX", state_str) == 0)) {
        state = NETOPT_STATE_RX;
    }
    else if ((strcmp("tx", state_str) == 0) ||
             (strcmp("TX", state_str) == 0)) {
        state = NETOPT_STATE_TX;
    }
    else if ((strcmp("reset", state_str) == 0) ||
             (strcmp("RESET", state_str) == 0)) {
        state = NETOPT_STATE_RESET;
    }
    else if ((strcmp("standby", state_str) == 0) ||
             (strcmp("STANDBY", state_str) == 0)) {
        state = NETOPT_STATE_STANDBY;
    }
    else {
        printf("usage: ifconfig <if_id> set state [off|sleep|idle|rx|tx|reset|standby]\n");
        return 1;
    }
    if (netif_set_opt(iface, NETOPT_STATE, 0,
                      &state, sizeof(netopt_state_t)) < 0) {
        printf("error: unable to set state to %s\n", _netopt_state_str[state]);
        return 1;
    }
    printf("success: set state of interface ");
    _print_iface_name(iface);
    printf(" to %s\n", _netopt_state_str[state]);

    return 0;
}

static int _hex_to_int(char c)
{
    if ('0' <= c && c <= '9') {
        return c - '0';
    }
    else if ('a' <= c && c <= 'f') {
        return c - 'a';
    }
    else if ('A' <= c && c <= 'F') {
        return c - 'A';
    }
    else {
        return -1;
    }
}

static int _netif_set_encrypt_key(netif_t *iface, netopt_t opt, char *key_str)
{
    size_t str_len = strlen(key_str);
    size_t key_len = str_len / 2;
    uint8_t key[key_len];

    if (str_len == 14U) {
        printf("\nNotice: setting 56 bit key.");
    }
    else if (str_len == 16U) {
        printf("\nNotice: setting 64 bit key.");
    }
    else if (str_len == 32U) {
        printf("\nNotice: setting 128 bit key.");
    }
    else if (str_len == 48U) {
        printf("\nNotice: setting 192 bit key.");
    }
    else if (str_len == 64U) {
        printf("\nNotice: setting 256 bit key.");
    }
    else if (str_len == 128U) {
        printf("\nNotice: setting 512 bit key.");
    }
    else {
        printf("error: invalid key size.\n");
        return 1;
    }
    /* Convert any char from ASCII table in hex format */
    for (size_t i = 0; i < str_len; i += 2) {
        int i1 = _hex_to_int(key_str[i]);
        int i2 = _hex_to_int(key_str[i + 1]);

        if (i1 == -1 || i2 == -1) {
            printf("error: unable to parse key\n");
            return 1;
        }

        key[i / 2] = (uint8_t)((i1 << 4) + i2);
    }

    if (netif_set_opt(iface, opt, 0, key, key_len) < 0) {
        printf("error: unable to set encryption key\n");
        return 1;
    }

    printf("success: set encryption key on interface ");
    _print_iface_name(iface);
    printf(" to \n");
    for (size_t i = 0; i < key_len; i++) {
        /* print the hex value of the key */
        printf("%02x", key[i]);
    }
    puts("");
    return 0;
}

#ifdef MODULE_L2FILTER
static int _netif_addrm_l2filter(netif_t *iface, char *val, bool add)
{
    uint8_t addr[GNRC_NETIF_L2ADDR_MAXLEN];
    size_t addr_len = l2util_addr_from_str(val, addr);

    if ((addr_len == 0) || (addr_len > CONFIG_L2FILTER_ADDR_MAXLEN)) {
        printf("error: given address is invalid\n");
        return 1;
    }

    if (add) {
        if (netif_set_opt(iface, NETOPT_L2FILTER, 0, addr, addr_len) < 0) {
            printf("unable to add link layer address to filter\n");
            return 1;
        }
        printf("successfully added address to filter\n");
    }
    else {
        if (netif_set_opt(iface, NETOPT_L2FILTER_RM, 0, addr, addr_len) < 0) {
            printf("unable to remove link layer address from filter\n");
            return 1;
        }
        printf("successfully removed address to filter\n");
    }
    return 0;
}

static void _l2filter_usage(const char *cmd)
{
    printf("usage: %s <if_id> l2filter {add|del} <addr>\n", cmd);
}
#endif

static void _usage(char *cmd)
{
    printf("usage: %s\n", cmd);
    printf("usage: %s help\n", cmd);
    _link_usage(cmd);
    _set_usage(cmd);
    _flag_usage(cmd);
    _add_usage(cmd);
    _del_usage(cmd);
#ifdef MODULE_L2FILTER
    _l2filter_usage(cmd);
#endif
#ifdef MODULE_NETSTATS
    _stats_usage(cmd);
#endif
}

static int _netif_set(char *cmd_name, netif_t *iface, char *key, char *value)
{
    if ((strcmp("addr", key) == 0) || (strcmp("addr_short", key) == 0)) {
        return _netif_set_addr(iface, NETOPT_ADDRESS, value);
    }
    else if (strcmp("addr_long", key) == 0) {
        return _netif_set_addr(iface, NETOPT_ADDRESS_LONG, value);
    }
    else if (strcmp("cca_threshold", key) == 0) {
        return _netif_set_u8(iface, NETOPT_CCA_THRESHOLD, 0, value);
    }
    else if ((strcmp("frequency", key) == 0) || (strcmp("freq", key) == 0)) {
        return _netif_set_u32(iface, NETOPT_CHANNEL_FREQUENCY, 0, value);
    }
#if IS_USED(MODULE_SHELL_CMD_GNRC_NETIF_LORA)
    else if ((strcmp("bandwidth", key) == 0) || (strcmp("bw", key) == 0)) {
        return _netif_set_bandwidth(iface, value);
    }
    else if ((strcmp("spreading_factor", key) == 0) || (strcmp("sf", key) == 0)) {
        return _netif_set_u8(iface, NETOPT_SPREADING_FACTOR, 0, value);
    }
    else if ((strcmp("coding_rate", key) == 0) || (strcmp("cr", key) == 0)) {
        return _netif_set_coding_rate(iface, value);
    }
#endif  /* MODULE_SHELL_CMD_GNRC_NETIF_LORA */
#if IS_USED(MODULE_SHELL_CMD_GNRC_NETIF_LORAWAN)
#if IS_USED(MODULE_GNRC_LORAWAN_1_1)
    else if (strcmp("joineui", key) == 0) {
        return _netif_set_lw_key(iface, NETOPT_LORAWAN_JOINEUI, value);
    }
    else if (strcmp("fnwksintkey", key) == 0) {
        return _netif_set_lw_key(iface, NETOPT_LORAWAN_FNWKSINTKEY, value);
    }
    else if (strcmp("snwksintkey", key) == 0) {
        return _netif_set_lw_key(iface, NETOPT_LORAWAN_SNWKSINTKEY, value);
    }
    else if (strcmp("nwksenckey", key) == 0) {
        return _netif_set_lw_key(iface, NETOPT_LORAWAN_NWKSENCKEY, value);
    }
    else if (strcmp("nwkkey", key) == 0) {
        return _netif_set_lw_key(iface, NETOPT_LORAWAN_NWKKEY, value);
    }
#else
    else if (strcmp("appeui", key) == 0) {
        return _netif_set_lw_key(iface, NETOPT_LORAWAN_APPEUI, value);
    }
    else if (strcmp("nwkskey", key) == 0) {
        return _netif_set_addr(iface, NETOPT_LORAWAN_NWKSKEY, value);
    }
#endif /* IS_USED(MODULE_GNRC_LORAWAN_1_1) */
    else if (strcmp("appskey", key) == 0) {
        return _netif_set_addr(iface, NETOPT_LORAWAN_APPSKEY, value);
    }
    else if (strcmp("appkey", key) == 0) {
        return _netif_set_lw_key(iface, NETOPT_LORAWAN_APPKEY, value);
    }
    else if (strcmp("deveui", key) == 0) {
        return _netif_set_addr(iface, NETOPT_ADDRESS_LONG, value);
    }

    else if (strcmp("dr", key) == 0) {
        return _netif_set_u8(iface, NETOPT_LORAWAN_DR, 0, value);
    }
    else if (strcmp("rx2_dr", key) == 0) {
        return _netif_set_u8(iface, NETOPT_LORAWAN_RX2_DR, 0, value);
    }
#endif /* MODULE_SHELL_CMD_GNRC_NETIF_LORAWAN */
#ifdef MODULE_NETDEV_IEEE802154_MULTIMODE
    else if ((strcmp("phy_mode", key) == 0) || (strcmp("phy", key) == 0)) {
        return _netif_set_ieee802154_phy_mode(iface, value);
    }
#endif /* MODULE_NETDEV_IEEE802154_MULTIMODE */
#ifdef MODULE_NETDEV_IEEE802154_OQPSK
    else if (strcmp("high_rate", key) == 0) {
        return _netif_set_u8(iface, NETOPT_OQPSK_RATE, 0, value);
    }
#endif /* MODULE_NETDEV_IEEE802154_OQPSK */
#ifdef MODULE_NETDEV_IEEE802154_MR_OQPSK
    else if ((strcmp("chip_rate", key) == 0) || (strcmp("chips", key) == 0)) {
        return _netif_set_u16(iface, NETOPT_MR_OQPSK_CHIPS, 0, value);
    }
    else if (strcmp("rate_mode", key) == 0) {
        return _netif_set_u8(iface, NETOPT_MR_OQPSK_RATE, 0, value);
    }
#endif /* MODULE_NETDEV_IEEE802154_MR_OQPSK */
#ifdef MODULE_NETDEV_IEEE802154_MR_OFDM
    else if ((strcmp("option", key) == 0) || (strcmp("opt", key) == 0)) {
        return _netif_set_u8(iface, NETOPT_MR_OFDM_OPTION, 0, value);
    }
    else if ((strcmp("scheme", key) == 0) || (strcmp("mcs", key) == 0)) {
        return _netif_set_u8(iface, NETOPT_MR_OFDM_MCS, 0, value);
    }
#endif /* MODULE_NETDEV_IEEE802154_MR_OFDM */
#ifdef MODULE_NETDEV_IEEE802154_MR_FSK
    else if ((strcmp("modulation_index", key) == 0) || (strcmp("midx", key) == 0)) {
        return _netif_set_fsk_modulation_index(iface, value);
    }
    else if ((strcmp("modulation_order", key) == 0) || (strcmp("mord", key) == 0)) {
        return _netif_set_u8(iface, NETOPT_MR_FSK_MODULATION_ORDER, 0, value);
    }
    else if ((strcmp("symbol_rate", key) == 0) || (strcmp("srate", key) == 0)) {
        return _netif_set_u16(iface, NETOPT_MR_FSK_SRATE, 0, value);
    }
    else if ((strcmp("forward_error_correction", key) == 0) || (strcmp("fec", key) == 0)) {
        return _netif_set_fsk_fec(iface, value);
    }
    else if ((strcmp("channel_spacing", key) == 0) || (strcmp("bw", key) == 0)) {
        return _netif_set_u16(iface, NETOPT_CHANNEL_SPACING, 0, value);
    }
#endif /* MODULE_NETDEV_IEEE802154_MR_FSK */
    else if ((strcmp("channel", key) == 0) || (strcmp("chan", key) == 0)) {
        return _netif_set_u16(iface, NETOPT_CHANNEL, 0, value);
    }
    else if (strcmp("csma_retries", key) == 0) {
        return _netif_set_u8(iface, NETOPT_CSMA_RETRIES, 0, value);
    }
    else if ((strcmp("hl", key) == 0) || (strcmp("hop_limit", key) == 0)) {
        return _netif_set_u8(iface, NETOPT_HOP_LIMIT, 0, value);
    }
    else if (strcmp("key", key) == 0) {
        return _netif_set_encrypt_key(iface, NETOPT_ENCRYPTION_KEY, value);
    }
#ifdef MODULE_GNRC_IPV6
    else if (strcmp("mtu", key) == 0) {
        return _netif_set_u16(iface, NETOPT_MAX_PDU_SIZE, GNRC_NETTYPE_IPV6,
                              value);
    }
#endif
    else if ((strcmp("nid", key) == 0) || (strcmp("pan", key) == 0) ||
             (strcmp("pan_id", key) == 0)) {
        return _netif_set_u16(iface, NETOPT_NID, 0, value);
    }
    else if (strcmp("page", key) == 0) {
        return _netif_set_u16(iface, NETOPT_CHANNEL_PAGE, 0, value);
    }
    else if (strcmp("power", key) == 0) {
        return _netif_set_i16(iface, NETOPT_TX_POWER, value);
    }
    else if (strcmp("retrans", key) == 0) {
        return _netif_set_u8(iface, NETOPT_RETRANS, 0, value);
    }
    else if (strcmp("src_len", key) == 0) {
        return _netif_set_u16(iface, NETOPT_SRC_LEN, 0, value);
    }
    else if (strcmp("state", key) == 0) {
        return _netif_set_state(iface, value);
    }

    _set_usage(cmd_name);
    return 1;
}

static int _netif_flag(char *cmd, netif_t *iface, char *flag)
{
    netopt_enable_t set = NETOPT_ENABLE;

    if (flag[0] == '-') {
        set = NETOPT_DISABLE;
        flag++;
    }
    for (unsigned i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(flag_cmds); i++) {
        if (strcmp(flag_cmds[i].name, flag) == 0) {
            return _netif_set_flag(iface, flag_cmds[i].opt, set);
        }
    }
    _flag_usage(cmd);
    return 1;
}

#ifdef MODULE_GNRC_IPV6
static uint8_t _get_prefix_len(char *addr)
{
    int prefix_len = ipv6_addr_split_int(addr, '/', _IPV6_DEFAULT_PREFIX_LEN);

    if (prefix_len < 1) {
        prefix_len = _IPV6_DEFAULT_PREFIX_LEN;
    }

    return prefix_len;
}
#endif

static int _netif_link(netif_t *iface, netopt_enable_t en)
{
#if IS_USED(MODULE_LWIP_NETIF) /* lwIP sets netif state, not link state */
    if (netif_set_opt(iface, NETOPT_ACTIVE, 0, &en, sizeof(en)) < 0) {
        printf("error: unable to set state %s\n", en == NETOPT_ENABLE ? "up" : "down");
        return 1;
    }
#else
    if (netif_set_opt(iface, NETOPT_LINK, 0, &en, sizeof(en)) < 0) {
        printf("error: unable to set link %s\n", en == NETOPT_ENABLE ? "up" : "down");
        return 1;
    }
#endif
    return 0;
}

static int _netif_add(char *cmd_name, netif_t *iface, int argc, char **argv)
{
#ifdef MODULE_GNRC_IPV6
    enum {
        _UNICAST = 0,
        _ANYCAST
    } type = _UNICAST;
    char *addr_str = argv[0];
    ipv6_addr_t addr;
    uint16_t flags = GNRC_NETIF_IPV6_ADDRS_FLAGS_STATE_VALID;
    uint8_t prefix_len;

    if (argc > 1) {
        if (strcmp(argv[0], "anycast") == 0) {
            type = _ANYCAST;
            addr_str = argv[1];
        }
        else if (strcmp(argv[0], "unicast") == 0) {
            /* type already set to unicast */
            addr_str = argv[1];
        }
        else {
            _add_usage(cmd_name);
            return 1;
        }
    }

    prefix_len = _get_prefix_len(addr_str);

    if (ipv6_addr_from_str(&addr, addr_str) == NULL) {
        printf("error: unable to parse IPv6 address.\n");
        return 1;
    }

    if (ipv6_addr_is_multicast(&addr)) {
        if (netif_set_opt(iface, NETOPT_IPV6_GROUP, 0, &addr,
                          sizeof(addr)) < 0) {
            printf("error: unable to join IPv6 multicast group\n");
            return 1;
        }
    }
    else {
        if (type == _ANYCAST) {
            flags |= GNRC_NETIF_IPV6_ADDRS_FLAGS_ANYCAST;
        }
        flags |= (prefix_len << 8U);
        if (netif_set_opt(iface, NETOPT_IPV6_ADDR, flags, &addr,
                          sizeof(addr)) < 0) {
            printf("error: unable to add IPv6 address\n");
            return 1;
        }
    }

    printf("success: added %s/%d to interface ", addr_str, prefix_len);
    _print_iface_name(iface);
    printf("\n");

    return 0;
#else
    (void)cmd_name;
    (void)iface;
    (void)argc;
    (void)argv;
    printf("error: unable to add IPv6 address.\n");

    return 1;
#endif
}

static int _netif_del(netif_t *iface, char *addr_str)
{
#ifdef MODULE_GNRC_IPV6
    ipv6_addr_t addr;

    if (ipv6_addr_from_str(&addr, addr_str) == NULL) {
        printf("error: unable to parse IPv6 address.\n");
        return 1;
    }

    if (ipv6_addr_is_multicast(&addr)) {
        if (netif_set_opt(iface, NETOPT_IPV6_GROUP_LEAVE, 0, &addr,
                          sizeof(addr)) < 0) {
            printf("error: unable to leave IPv6 multicast group\n");
            return 1;
        }
    }
    else {
        if (netif_set_opt(iface, NETOPT_IPV6_ADDR_REMOVE, 0, &addr,
                          sizeof(addr)) < 0) {
            printf("error: unable to remove IPv6 address\n");
            return 1;
        }
    }

    printf("success: removed %s to interface ", addr_str);
    _print_iface_name(iface);
    printf("\n");

    return 0;
#else
    (void)iface;
    (void)addr_str;
    printf("error: unable to delete IPv6 address.\n");
    return 1;
#endif
}

/* shell commands */

/* TODO: updated tests/net/gnrc_dhcpv6_client to no longer abuse this shell command
 * and add static qualifier */
int _gnrc_netif_config(int argc, char **argv)
{
    if (argc < 2) {
        netif_t *last = NULL;

        /* Get interfaces in reverse order since the list is used like a stack.
         * Stop when first netif in list already has been listed. */
        while (last != netif_iter(NULL)) {
            netif_t *netif = NULL;
            netif_t *next = netif_iter(netif);
            /* Step until next is end of list or was previously listed. */
            do {
                netif = next;
                next = netif_iter(netif);
            } while (next && next != last);
            _netif_list(netif);
            last = netif;
        }

        return 0;
    }
    else {
        netif_t *iface = netif_get_by_name(argv[1]);
        if (!iface) {
            if ((strcmp(argv[1], "help") == 0) ||
                (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0)) {
                _usage(argv[0]);
                return 0;
            }
            else {
                printf("error: invalid interface given\n");
                return 1;
            }
        }

        if (argc < 3) {
            _netif_list(iface);
            return 0;
        }
        else if (strcmp(argv[2], "set") == 0) {
            if (argc < 5) {
                _set_usage(argv[0]);
                return 1;
            }

            return _netif_set(argv[0], iface, argv[3], argv[4]);
        }
        else if (strcmp(argv[2], "up") == 0) {
            return _netif_link(iface, NETOPT_ENABLE);
        }
        else if (strcmp(argv[2], "down") == 0) {
            return _netif_link(iface, NETOPT_DISABLE);
        }
        else if (strcmp(argv[2], "add") == 0) {
            if (argc < 4) {
                _add_usage(argv[0]);
                return 1;
            }

            return _netif_add(argv[0], iface, argc - 3, argv + 3);
        }
        else if (strcmp(argv[2], "del") == 0) {
            if (argc < 4) {
                _del_usage(argv[0]);
                return 1;
            }

            return _netif_del(iface, argv[3]);
        }
#ifdef MODULE_L2FILTER
        else if (strcmp(argv[2], "l2filter") == 0) {
            if (argc < 5) {
                _l2filter_usage(argv[2]);
            }
            else if (strcmp(argv[3], "add") == 0) {
                return _netif_addrm_l2filter(iface, argv[4], true);
            }
            else if (strcmp(argv[3], "del") == 0) {
                return _netif_addrm_l2filter(iface, argv[4], false);
            }
            else {
                _l2filter_usage(argv[2]);
            }
            return 1;
        }
#endif
#ifdef MODULE_NETSTATS
        else if (strcmp(argv[2], "stats") == 0) {
            uint8_t module;
            bool reset = false;

            /* check for requested module */
            if ((argc == 3) || (strcmp(argv[3], "all") == 0)) {
                module = NETSTATS_ALL;
            }
            else if (strcmp(argv[3], "l2") == 0) {
                module = NETSTATS_LAYER2;
            }
            else if (strcmp(argv[3], "ipv6") == 0) {
                module = NETSTATS_IPV6;
            }
            else {
                printf("Module %s doesn't exist or does not provide statistics.\n", argv[3]);

                return 0;
            }

            /* check if reset flag was given */
            if ((argc > 4) && (strncmp(argv[4], "reset", 5) == 0)) {
                reset = true;
            }
            if (module & NETSTATS_LAYER2) {
                _netif_stats(iface, NETSTATS_LAYER2, reset);
            }
            if (module & NETSTATS_IPV6) {
                _netif_stats(iface, NETSTATS_IPV6, reset);
            }

            return 1;
        }
#endif
        else if (strcmp(argv[2], "help") == 0) {
            _usage(argv[0]);
            return 0;
        }
        else {
            return _netif_flag(argv[0], iface, argv[2]);
        }
    }

    _usage(argv[0]);
    return 1;
}

SHELL_COMMAND(ifconfig, "Configure network interfaces", _gnrc_netif_config);
